Although psychodynamic interpretations are much better known, interpretations concerning mechanisms and forms are also important, especially at an early phase of treatment.

Psychodynamic analysis of the schizophrenic consists of interpreting to the patient his past and present life. He is helped to become aware of his unconscious motivation and to acquire insight into the origin and development of the psychological components of his disorder.

The treatment of the schizophrenic cannot consist only of the sessions, but an active participation in his life is necessary, as many authors have reported. The patient needs to feel that many events in his life are shared by the therapist.

In this chapter Arieti reports the cases of two patients who have been treated with intensive and prolonged psychotherapy. The psychodynamics and the psychostructure of the symptomatology are interpreted, and the psychotherapeutic procedure is described in great detail.

In spite of the limitations of the social treatment of chronic schizophrenia, there seems to be no doubt that good social conditions and a spirit of therapeutic community are helpful.

Of all the creative activities of the schizophrenic patient, painting is the one that has been studied the most, and we shall devote the bulk of this chapter to this subject.

Epidemiology is a science and methodology whose object is to determine whether there is an association between a rate of illness and the changing strength of an environmental factor. The characteristics that are studied in relation to the incidence of schizophrenia may be biological, psychological, sociological, or difficult to categorize.

Transcultural psychiatry studies whatever pertains to the field of psychiatry in relation to cultural differences. The variable in these studies is the culture. We can study whether a given culture confers a special type of symptomatology to schizophrenia. We can attempt to determine whether a given culture enhances the occurrence of some syndromes, related to schizophrenia, but not generally included in the schizophrenic category.

We shall now study schizophrenia from the point of view of its progression, meaning progression toward regression.